Comments:АПиПЯЯ 109, 279, Ozawa 130, Лексика 483. Turk. *tumak > Kalm. tomǝɣǝ, whence again Kirgh. tomaɣa etc. (a similar source is probable for Manchu tomorχan), see TMN 1, 258.
Comments:An onomatopoeic root, but seems well reconstructable for PA (including the morphological derivative *t`ŭ̀p`i-k`V > PT *tübkü-r-, PJ *tù(m)pà-k-).
Comments:A Western isogloss: the PA antiquity is rather dubious because of late attestation and possible loans. Mong. may be < Turk., cf. TMN 2, 505, Щербак 1997, 159. The Turk. form itself is somewhat doubtful because of a strange variation -m/-p (see TMN 2, 504-505, with a suggestion of an Iranian origin). A possible source can be Chin. 土卵 tǔluǎn, MC thólwấn, OC thāʔrhōnʔ 'yam', lit. 'earth egg', whence also MKor. thóràn, Kor. thoran, Jpn. tororo 'yam'.
Comments:KW 397, 404, Martin 228, АПиПЯЯ 15, 71, Ozawa 248-249. Cf. Mong. *togta- 'to stop, establish' ( > late MTurk. toqta-, see TMN 1, 273, Щербак 1997, 211; Yak. toxtō-, Dolg. toktō-, see Stachowski 226; Man. tokto- etc., see Poppe 1966, 191, Doerfer MT 119). In Kor. cf. also MKor. tǝtăi 'slowly', tǝtăi- 'to delay, be slow' (compared with TM in Lee 1958, 118). Mongolian, Korean and Japanese accent variants may indicate that we are dealing more than with one root here, but the distinction is difficult to make.
Comments:An expressive root, but no doubt common Altaic. The Turkic, Korean and Japanese forms correspond well to each other; the TM (isolated Evk.) reflex is more questionable.
Comments:KW 406, Дыбо 15, Мудрак Дисс. 70; not borrowed in Mong. < Turk., despite Róna-Tas 1972, 232. A Western isogloss. PT has *d- here because of secondary voicing before *ĺ, as in a number of other cases; despite АПиПЯЯ 97, 276 this (more traditional) comparison seems now preferable for us. {Cf. PE *tuluʁ- 'to drowse'}
